Adedeji Adeyemi Adewumi, Olatunji Solomon Ayodeji, and Amogbonjaye Gideon Oluwaseun  (2026), Geospatial Analysis of Land Use/Land Cover Changes in Ilesha, Osun State, Nigeria," Journal of Sustainable Cities and Built Environment, 04(2), pp. 135-156, Retrieved from http://jscbe.ku.edu.bh DOI: https://doi.org/10.58757/jscbe.04.02.05 
Publisher: [KU] Kingdom University
Abstract:
This study investigates spatio-temporal dynamics of land use and land cover (LULC) in Ilesa, Osun State, Nigeria, over a 31-year period (1993-2024), us-ing remote sensing and Geographic In-formation System (GIS) techniques. Landsat imagery for 1993 (TM), 2003 (ETM+), and 2024 (OLI) was acquired from USGS Earth Explorer and subjected to supervised classification using the Maximum Likelihood Algorithm. Four LULC categories were delineated: built-up area, vegetation, cultivated land, and water body. Accuracy assessment was performed using confusion matrices, Overall Accuracy (OA) and Kappa Coef-ficient (K). Overall Accuracy and Kappa Coefficient values: 1993 OA = 93.0%, K = 0.907; 2003 OA = 89.5%, K = 0.860; 2024 OA = 90.5%, K = 0.873. Built-up area expanded from 13.09 km2 (9.80%) in 1993 to 65.06 km2 (48.67%) in 2024, a net increase of 396.9%, while vegeta-tion declined from 112.14 km2 (83.89%) to 55.30 km2 (41.37%), a cumulative loss of 50.7%. Cultivated land expanded massively between 1993 and 2003 but contracted sharply thereafter as urban encroachment intensified, while water bodies remained largely stable. The study ties results to sustainability frameworks, recognizing biodiversity risk, urban heat island effect, reduced ecosystem services, and stressed infra-structure, and suggests that geospatial monitoring be incorporated into urban planning.